Obesity surgery, also known as bariatric surgery, is a type of surgery performed on people who are obese, with the goal of reducing their weight and improving their health. Obesity is a serious health condition that can increase the risk of developing other health problems such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, and sleep apnea. Bariatric surgery is considered when other weight loss methods have not been successful in achieving significant and sustained weight loss.

There are several types of bariatric surgery, each with its own benefits and risks. The most common types of bariatric surgery include gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, adjustable gastric banding, and biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch. These surgeries work by either restricting the amount of food the stomach can hold or by reducing the absorption of nutrients in the digestive tract.

Before undergoing bariatric surgery, patients must undergo a thorough medical evaluation to determine if they are suitable candidates for the procedure. This evaluation may include a physical exam, blood tests, imaging studies, and consultations with a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals, including a surgeon, dietitian, psychologist, and exercise specialist.

Patients who undergo bariatric surgery are required to make significant lifestyle changes, including adopting a healthy diet and regular exercise routine. Bariatric surgery is not a quick fix for obesity, but rather a tool to help patients achieve significant and sustainable weight loss when combined with lifestyle changes.

While bariatric surgery can be highly effective in helping patients lose weight and improve their health, it is not without risks. Complications from bariatric surgery can include infection, bleeding, blood clots, and nutritional deficiencies. It is important for patients to discuss the risks and benefits of bariatric surgery with their healthcare team and to carefully consider their options before proceeding with surgery.